采用石墨/硬碳混合阳极实现锂离子电池6C快速充电( Enabling 6C Fast Charging of Li‐Ion Batteries with Graphite/Hard Carbon Hybrid Anodes )

K Chen V Goel JN Min M Wied S Müller V Wood J Sakamoto K Thornton NP Dasgupta batteries fast charging graphite lithium plating modeling

Li﹊on batteries that can simultaneously achieve high〆nergy density and fast charging are essential for electric vehicles. Graphite anodes enable a high〆nergy density, but suffer from an inhomogeneous reaction current and irreversible Li plating during fast charging. In contrast, hard carbon exhibits superior rate performance but lower energy density owing to its lower initial coulombic efficiency and higher average voltage. In this work, these tradeoffs are overcome by fabricating hybrid anodes with uniform mixtures of graphite and hard carbon, using industrially‐relevant multi﹍ayer pouch cells (>1 Ah) and electrode loadings (3 mAh cm). By controlling the graphite/hard carbon ratio, this study shows that battery performance can be systematically tuned to achieve both high〆nergy density and efficient fast charging. Pouch cells with optimized hybrid anodes retain 87% and 82% of their initial specific energy after 500 cycles of 4C and 6C fastヽharge cycling, respectively. This is significantly higher than the 61% and 48% specific energy retention with graphite anodes under the same conditions. The enhanced performance is attributed to improved homogeneity of the reaction current throughout the hybrid anode, which is supported by continuum﹕cale modeling. This process is directly compatible with existing roll‐to‐roll battery manufacturing, representing a scalable pathway to fast charging.

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